Calculate the total bandwidth
Tue, 03 May 2016 | Unified Callmanager
To calculate the total bandwidth of a VoIP call, perform these steps Step 1 Gather required packetization information First, you must determine the bandwidth of the codec that is used to digitize the analog signals. The codec bandwidth is specified in kilobits per second and is usually in the range of approximately 8-64 kbps. In addition, the packetization period (specified in milliseconds) or the packetization size (specified in bytes) is required. Given the codec bandwidth and one of these...
- A queue is reserved for each class and traffic belonging to a class is directed to that class queue
- A VPN carries private traffic over a public network using advanced encryption and tunnels to protect
- Access control list ACL
- Access to new communications devices such as PDAs and cable settop boxes
- ACLs for Traffic Classification
- All individual queues are FIFO
- Allocates a percentage of available bandwidth to a class
- Application
- Apply the traffic policy to the interface
- Applying Link Efficiency Mechanisms
- Applying Rate Limiting
- Attaching Service Policies to Interfaces
- Availability
- Available Bandwidth
- Bandwidth Implications of Codecs
- Based on the network topology and size different IP telephony deployment models can be utilized
- Basic methods are combined to create more versatile queuing mechanisms
- Basic Voice Encoding Converting Analog to Digital
- Basic Voice Encoding Converting Digital to Analog
- Benefits and Drawbacks of the Int Serv Model
- Benefits and Drawbacks of WFQ
- Both methods have eight positive and eight negative segments with 16 steps per segment
- By default 20 ms of voice is packetized into a single IP packet
- Campus Access and Distribution Layer QoS Implementation
- CBWFQ Benefits and Drawbacks
- CBWFQ Using IP Precedence with Cbwred Example Cont
- Centralized Call Control
- Changing the WRED Traffic Profile - 2
- CIR Bc Tc
- Circuitbased telephony networks use TDM to combine multiple 64kbps channels DS0 to a single physical line
- Cisco AutoQoS Example
- Cisco Enterprise Architectures
- Cisco Hierarchical Network Model
- Cisco Icons and Symbols
- Cisco IOS Traffic Policing and Shaping Mechanisms
- Cisco IOS Traffic Shaping Mechanisms
- Cisco Router Planes
- Cisco SDM QoS Wizard
- Cisco SONA Framework
- Cisco SONA Layers
- Classbased configuration of WRED is identical to standalone WRED
- Classification and Marking at the Link Layer
- Classification and Marking in the Enterprise
- Classselector Phb Ip precedence
- Command Delivery Status
- Compression
- Compression Cont
- Conclusion Congestion avoidance and queuing can help Solution Use WRED and LLQ
- Configuring and Monitoring NBAR Protocol Discovery
- Configuring CBWRED
- Configuring Class Maps
- Configuring DSCPBased CBWRED
- Configuring LLQ Cont
- Configuring NBAR for Static Protocols
- Configuring Policy Maps
- Configuring Stateful NBAR for Dynamic Protocols
- Configuring WFQ
- Congestion and Queuing - 2
- Controlled load low delay high throughput
- Converged Network Quality Issues
- CoPP Deployment
- CoPP Example
- Course Flow
- Course Goal and Objectives
- Course Introduction
- Create QoS Policy
- Creation of a QoS Policy
- Customer Edgeto Provider Edge QoS for Frame Relay Access Customer Edge Outbound
- Customer Edgeto Provider Edge QoS for Frame Relay Access Provider Edge Inbound
- Dd is drop probability
- Defines trust boundary to ensure simple classification and entry to a queue
- Deploying Endto End QoS
- Deploying QoS
- Displays detailed information about the WFQ system of the selected interface
- Displays interface delays including the activated queuing mechanism with the summary information
- Displays the applied policy map on the interface
- Displays the current NBAR protocoltoport mappings
- Distributed Call Control
- Distribution layer
- DSCP Summary
- DSCPBased WRED Expedited Forwarding
- Each physical interface has a hardware and a software queuing system
- Ef
- Efficient Use of Available Bandwidth
- Efficient Use of Ways to Reduce Delay
- Enables automatic seamless interoperability among all QoS features and parameters across a network topologyLan Man and WAN
- Encryption Overview
- Endtoend streams are not established if the required QoS parameters are not available
- Enterprise IP Telephony Deployment Models
- Example - 2
- Example Application Service Classes
- Example CAC Deployment
- Example Defining QoS Policies
- Example DSP Used for Conferencing
- Example DSP Used for Transcoding
- Example Efficient Use of Ways to Reduce Delay
- Example Integrated Services
- Example Managed Customer Edge with Three Service Classes
- Example Multisite with Centralized Call Processing
- Example Multisite with Distributed Call Processing
- Example of CBWFQ
- Example RSVP in Action
- Example Signaling and Call Processing
- Example Single Site
- Extra Headers in Security and Tunneling Protocols
- Factors Influencing Bandwidth
- Finally enable Cisco AutoQoS on the interface
- For scalability classification should be enabled as close to the edge as possible depending on the capabilities of the device at
- Fragmented packets
- Getting Started with Cisco SDM
- Header Compression Results
- How the Packetization Period Impacts VoIP Packet Size and Rate
- Identify Traffic and Its Requirements
- Impact of Packet Loss
- Implementing QoS
- Implementing QoS Policy Using a QoS Service Class
- Implementing QoS Policy Using a QoS Service Class Cont
- Important The number of queues configured has to be significantly larger than the expected number of flows
- Improved employee productivity through features provided by IP telephony IP
- Incremental deployment
- Integration of networked resources and information assets that have been largely
- Interactive traffic needs bandwidth and low delay
- IP Precedence and Class Selector Profiles
- Psec ESP with 3DES and SHA1 tunnel mode
- Know the SLA Offered by Your Service Provider - 2
- Lack of Bandwidth
- Large Packets Freeze Out Voice on Slow WAN Links
- Layer 2 Payload Compression Results
- Learner Skills and Knowledge
- Learner Skills and Knowledge Cont
- Link bandwidth
- Link Efficiency Mechanisms
- LLQ Architecture
- Lowerpriority classes use CBWFQ
- Make sure that the new configurations still conform to the design and implementation from the previous example
- Matching on ISL priority bits has no effect if ISL is not used
- Mean Opinion Score
- Methods for Implementing QoS Policy
- Modular QoS CLI Components
- Module Objectives - 2 3
- Module Self Check - 2
- Module Self Check Answer - 2 3 4
- Module Summary
- Module Summary Cont
- Monitoring CBWFQ
- Monitoring LLQ
- Multiple policy maps can be nested to influence the sequence of QoS actions
- Name R2
- NBAR Application Support Cont
- Network layer
- Network Traffic Mix and Requirements
- New applications are easily supported by loading a PDLM
- No differentiated drop
- No service differentiation
- Objectives - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
- Optional Compress the samples to reduce bandwidth
- Overview - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- Packet Description Language Module
- Packet loss Packets may have to be dropped when a link is congested
- Packets of the same flow end up in the same queue
- Performs a regular expression match on the host field content inside an Http Get packet and classifies all packets from that host
- Policing vs Shaping
- Priority Queuing
- Problem with WRR
- Provide DTMF relay and fax and modem support
- Provides traffic distribution information at key network locations
- QoS Defined
- QoS Features
- QoS Implementation Methods Compared
- QoS Models
- QoS Policy
- QoS Preclassification Deployment Options
- QoS Preclassification Deployment Options Cont
- QoS Preclassify
- QoS Preclassify Example
- QoS Status - 2
- Quantization Techniques
- Queuing is a congestion management mechanism that allows you to control congestion on interfaces
- Queuing Methods Combined
- Quick Bandwidth Calculation
- Random drop should prevent congestion prevent tail drops
- Rather than allocate absolute bandwidths to each class service provider adjusts relative bandwidth ratios between classes to achieve SLA differentiation
- Reconstruct the analog signal from PAM signals
- References
- Remaining 15 percent is used for management signaling and routing traffic
- Resource Reservation Protocol
- Rounding introduces inexactness quantization noise
- Router interfaces experience congestion when the output queue is full
- RSVP Operation
- RTP Header Compression
- Sampling rate for digitizing voice was set to 8000 samples per second allowing frequencies up to 4000 Hz
- Service Policy
- Service provider involved in IP QoS
- Service provider not involved in IP QoS
- Short TxQ may result in a large number of interrupts which causes high CPU utilization and low link utilization
- Student Guide
- Subport and deep packet inspection classification
- Summary - 2 3
- Summary Cont - 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
- TCP Delay Jitter and Starvation
- TCP sessions are desynchronized by random drops
- TCP Synchronization
- TCP Traffic Before and After RED
- That is if a packet has DSCP value of 011000 it has a greater probability of timely forwarding than a packet with DSCP value of 001000
- The default mode is match all
- The extra bandwidth can be extremely critical for voice packets because of the transmission of small packets at a high rate
- The Features of Cisco AutoQoS
- The four techniques to implement QoS are the legacy CLI method MQC Cisco AutoQoS and Cisco SDM QoS wizard
- The Impact of Delay on Quality
- The number of dynamic queues is a power of 2 in the range from 16 to 4096 specifying the number of dynamic queues
- The Nyquist Theorem
- The packet is transmitted
- The show controllers serial 010 command shows the length of the hardware queue
- The show interface command can be used to display the available bandwidth
- The software queuing system can be selected and configured depending on the platform and Cisco IOS version
- The txring state full notfull is an indication of hardware interface congestion
- Then repeat
- To mark down recolor exceeding traffic at Layer 2 or Layer
- Traffic exceeding the specified bandwidth is dropped if congestion exists
- Traffic Leaving Enterprise Network
- Traffic Leaving Enterprise Network Cont
- Traffic Leaving Service Provider Network
- Traffic Leaving Service Provider Network Cont
- Traffic Policing and Shaping Example - 2
- Traffic Policing Example
- Transcoding Translates between voice streams that use different incompatible codecs
- Tune cRTPset the number of sessions to be compressed default is
- Two Basic Methods for Voice over IP
- Types of Delay
- Typical SLA Requirements for Voice
- Unfairness is reinstated by introducing weight to give proportionately more bandwidth to flows with higher IP precedence lower weight
- Up to 16 additional port numbers can be specified
- Use classbased policing to ratelimit certain unwanted excess traffic
- Use differentiated WRED to prevent congestion in all three classes
- VAD Bandwidth Reduction Examples
- VAD Characteristics
- Voice Codec Characteristics
- Voice Encapsulation Overhead
- Voice Transport in Circuit Based Networks - 2
- Voice Transport in IP Networks
- VoIP Packet Size and Packet Rate Examples
- VPN Protocols
- WAN Edge Design
- WAN Edge QoS Implementation
- Ways to Prevent Packet Loss
- Weighted Round Robin
- WFQ Architecture and Benefits
- WFQ Classification
- WFQ Insertion and Drop Policy
- WFQ uses perflow FIFO queues
- What Is CAC
- Which Protocols to Use for VoIP
- Why Use Shaping
- WRED Building Blocks
- WRED can be applied at the interface VC or class level
- WRED Profiles DSCPBased Wred Af