Operation of EIGRP
EIGRP is a revised and improved version of IGRP. Its goal is to solve the scaling limitations that IGRP faces, using the distance vector technology from which it grew. EIGRP increases the potential growth of a network by reducing the convergence time. This is achieved by the following The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) Multicast addressing for updates Holding information about neighbors as opposed to the entire network These features depend on proprietary technology, which centers on local...
Exams Required for Certification
In 2000, Cisco initiated a major revamping of the career certification exams. Several new exams were unveiled, and the Routing exam was one of those. The Routing 2.0 exam replaced the old ACRC exam this is why the exam is called Routing 2.0 sometimes, even though there was never a Routing 1.0 exam. To certify for CCNP, you must pass multiple exams. This book deals with the Routing 2.0 exam Sylvan Promteric exam 640-503. The qualifying exams, the CCNA and the CCDA, require only a single exam....
Solutions to Scenario 114 Part APlanning
Keeping the design as simple as possible yet not too simple, so that it is still useful as the network evolves is a good practice. In the suggested answers in Tables 11-3 and 11-4, a numbering scheme is presented. Remember, this is one of many solutions available. The reasoning behind this planning is to allow summarization at the Area Border Routers. The first few bits in the third octet indicate the summarization bits. Note that these bits reflect the area 1 bit or 128 identifies area 1,...
Cisco CCNP Routing Exam Certification Guide
Cisco CCNP Routing Exam Certification Guide Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Library of...
Do I Know This Already Quiz
The purpose of the Do I Know This Already quiz is to help you decide what parts of this chapter to use. If you already intend to read the entire chapter, you do not necessarily need to answer these questions now. This 16-question quiz helps you determine how to spend your limited study time. The quiz is sectioned into four smaller four-question quizlets, which correspond to four major topics in the chapter. Figure 4-1 outlines suggestions on how to spend your time in this chapter. Use Table 4-1...
- Change in the Network
- Change in the Network Maintaining the Topological Database and the Routing Table
- Confusion of Network Terminology
- Definition of Prefix RoutingCIDR
- Router Joins the Network
- Working Configuration of OSPF on a Multiarea Network
- Working Configuration of OSPF on a Single Router
- Accessibility Security
- Acknowledgments
- Adaptability Serviceability
- Adding a Network to the Topology Table
- Administrative Distance - 2
- Advantages of Having Neighbors
- Advantages of Prefix RoutingCIDR
- Advantages of Summarization
- Advertising Routes from an IGP into BGP4
- Aggregating Routes
- Allocating VLSM Addresses
- Alternative Methods of Connecting to an ISP
- An Analogy for Understanding the Concept of a Network
- An Autonomous System Defined
- An Example of Bit Allocation in a Network Address
- An Example of CIDR in Use in the Case Study
- An Example of the Use of CIDR - 2
- An Example of VLSM
- An IP Address
- ANDing Example
- Answers - 2 3
- Applications Time
- Assigning Ip Vlsm Subnets for WAN Connections
- Authors Note About Exam Content
- Automatic Redistribution Between Routing Protocols
- Automatic Summarization
- Avoiding Routing Loops When Redistributing
- Backup Designated Routers
- Bandwidth Control
- Becoming a Neighbor
- Benefits of the Synchronization Rule
- BGP4 Attributes
- BGP4 Operation
- BGP4 Policy Based Routing
- BGP4 show Commands
- Bit Allocation the Subnet Rule and VLSM
- Building the Routing Table on a New OSPF Router
- Case Study - 2
- Case Study Addressing the Network 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- Changing the Default Metric Using the cost Command
- Chapter Glossary - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- Characteristics of BGP4
- Characteristics of Policy Routing
- Characteristics of Route Maps
- Characteristics of Route Reflectors
- Checking the Configuration of OSPF on a Multiarea Network
- Choosing a Successor
- CIDR and Route Aggregation
- CIDR as a Solution
- Cisco Express Forwarding
- Cisco Proprietary Solutions
- Cisco Routing Exam Outline File Excerpts From CCO
- Ciscos Hierarchical Design
- Classful Routing
- Classless Routing
- Clients Cannot Connect to Network Resources
- Command Summaries - 2
- Command Syntax Conventions
- Commands to Tune BGP4Using the Local Preference and Weight Attributes
- Conclusion - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- Configuration
- Configuration Commands for a Multiarea OSPF Network
- Configuration Examples
- Configuration for EIGRP or IGRP
- Configuration Notes
- Configuration of IP Helper Address
- Configuration of Tunneling into IP
- Configuring a Virtual Link
- Configuring Bandwidth over a Hybrid Multipoint Network
- Configuring Bandwidth over a Multipoint Network
- Configuring EIGRP
- Configuring EIGRP for Apple Talk
- Configuring EIGRP for IPX
- Configuring OSPF in a Single Area
- Configuring OSPF in Broadcast Mode
- Configuring OSPF in NBMA Mode
- Configuring OSPF in Pointto Multipoint Mode
- Configuring OSPF in Pointto Point Mode on a Frame Relay Subinterface
- Configuring OSPF over an NBMA Topology
- Configuring Summarization
- Configuring the Administrative Distance
- Configuring the Default Metric
- Configuring the Default Metric for Ospf Rip Egp or BGP4
- Connecting to Other Autonomous Systems The Basics of BGP4
- Connecting to the Outside World
- Considerations for Summarization with Discontiguous Networks
- Contents
- Contents at a Glance
- Controlling BGP4 Traffic
- Controlling Routing Updates
- Controlling Routing Updates Across the Network
- Controlling Routing Updates with Filtering
- Controlling Terminal Access
- Convergence
- Cost Command Design Considerations
- Creating a Network That Meets the Key Requirements
- Default Administrative Distance
- Default Redistribution Between Routing Protocols
- Default Routes
- Defining the Networks to Be Advertised
- Design Considerations in Multiple Area OSPF
- Design Issues Particular to EIGRP
- Design Points for the Pointto Multipoint Mode
- Designing and Configuring a Scalable BGP4 Network
- Designing IP Networks
- Designs That Avoid a Fully Meshed IBGP4 Network
- Determining the BGP4 Path by Tuning the Attributes
- Determining the Designated Router Using the priority Command
- Disadvantages of Policy Routing - 2
- Discontiguous Networks
- Discovering Routes
- Distance Vector Routing Protocols
- Distribute Lists
- Do I Know This Already Quiz - 2 3 4 5 6 7
- Do ISPs Need to Redistribute Paths from BGP4 into the IGP
- Dropped Packets
- Dynamic Election
- Efficiency
- EIGRP and the Use of the bandwidth Command in WANs
- EIGRP Convergence
- EIGRP Defaults in Bandwidth Utilization
- EIGRP Defined
- Enabling The OSPF Routing Protocol
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
- Excessive Traffic
- Explanation of Redistribution Example
- Extended IP Access Lists
- Extended ping
- Exterior Routing Protocols
- Factors That Increase Network Traffic
- Familiar Rules in IP Subnetting
- Fast Autonomous and Silicon Switching
- Filter Configuration
- Finding an Alternative Path to a Remote Network
- Finding Neighbors with the Exchange Process
- Forcing the Next Hop Address
- Foundation Summary - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- Foundation Topics Introduction EIGRP in an Enterprise Network
- Foundation Topics Introduction What Is OSPF
- Further Study for Final Preparation
- General Design Rules for Each Layer
- Goals of This Book
- Guidelines for Writing Access Lists
- Guidelines in Network Design to Avoid Routing Loops
- Hiding Network Changes
- How Hierarchical Is Hierarchical
- How Policy Based Routing Works Using Route Maps
- How Prefix Lists Are Processed
- How Prefix Lists Work
- How the Network Field Is Used
- How the Routing Table Is Kept Current and Correct
- How the Topology Table Updates the Routing Table
- How to Best Use This Chapter - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- How to Determine Area Boundaries
- How to Ensure That Packets Are Switched at Speed Fast
- How to Use This Book to Pass the Exam
- Identifying Neighbors and Defining Peer Groups
- Igrp
- IGRP and EIGRPs Gateway of Last Resort
- IGRP Convergence
- Im New to Internetworking with Cisco and I Will Not Be Taking the BSCN Course Now What
- Implementing and Tuning BGP for Use in Large Networks
- Incomplete Routing Tables
- Information Needed in the Routing Table
- Internet Example
- Intranet Example
- Introduction BGP4 and Communicating with other Autonomous Systems
- Introduction to Corporate Networks Growth Scalability and Congestion
- Introduction Communicating with Other Autonomous Systems with BGP4
- IP Access List Overview
- IP Access Lists Alleviating Congestion with Cisco Routers
- IP Addressing
- IP Addressing Summary - 2
- IP Helper Address
- IP Network Terminology
- IP Routing Principles
- Ive Learned a Lot About CCNP Topics Through Experience But I Will Not Be Taking the BSCN Course Now What
- Ive Taken BSCNNow What
- Ive Taken the Cisco Networking Academy Courses Now What
- Ive Taken the Old ACRC Course Now What
- Key Attributes of OSPF
- Key Requirements of a Network
- Keys Points to Remember When Designing an IP Network
- Learning a New Route - 2
- Learning About a Change in the Network
- Learning About the Network
- Link State Advertisements
- Link State Routing Protocols
- Load Balancing in EIGRP
- Maintaining the Topology Table
- Managing and Verifying the BGP4 Configuration
- Managing Network Congestion for IP
- Manual Configuration of Router ID
- Manual Configuration of the Designated Router
- Manual Summarization
- Message Types
- Methods of Controlling Routing Updates
- Multiple Connections into the Internet
- Network and Host Addressing
- Network Characteristics
- Network Death Results
- Network Structures and Data Flow
- Occasions for Using a Default Route
- Optimizing the IP Address Space
- Ospf
- OSPF Across Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Networks
- OSPF Convergence
- OSPF Neighbors
- OSPF Network Topologies
- OSPF over an NBMA Network
- OSPF Path Selection Between Areas
- OSPF Routers
- OSPF Terminology
- OSPF Within an Area
- Other Solutions to Address Exhaustion
- Other Solutions to Traffic Control
- Overview of the BGP4 Operation
- Packets from Neighbors That Build the Topology Table
- Path Selection
- Path Selection Between Routing Protocols
- Path Selection Within a Routing Protocol
- Placement of Client Server
- Policy Based Routing Using Route Maps - 2
- Prefix List Examples
- Prefix Lists
- Principles of a Client Server Network
- Prioritization
- Priority Command Design Considerations
- Private Addresses on the Internet
- Problems of Configuring Multiple Routing Protocols
- Problems with IP Addressing and the Internet
- Problems with OSPF in a Single Area
- Qa - 2
- Reasons to Control Routing Updates
- Receiving Routing Information from the Internet
- Redistribution and Problems with Network Convergence
- Redistribution Between Routing Protocols
- Redistribution Between the IGP and BGP4
- Redistribution Example - 2 3
- Redistribution Examples
- Redistribution from BGP4 into an IGP in an Organizational Network
- Redundant Connections into the Internet Multihoming
- Reliability
- Removing a Path or Router from the Topology Table
- Required Commands for Configuring OSPF on an Internal Router
- Responsiveness
- RIP Version
- RIPv1 Convergence
- Route Maps Policy Routing and Route Switching
- Route Reflectors
- Route Reflectors The Solution to a Fully Meshed IBGP4 Network
- Route Selection Process
- Router Types
- Routing and Routed
- Routing Metrics
- Routing Protocols That Support VLSM
- Routing Table
- Routing Table Codes
- Routing Updates from Multihomed Connections to the Internet
- Rules for VLSM - 2
- Rules in Configuring Bandwidth over an NBMA Cloud
- Rules of Policy Routing
- Runaway Congestion
- Scenario 101
- Scenario 101 Answers
- Scenario 102
- Scenario 102 Answers
- Scenario 111
- Scenario 111 Answers
- Scenario 112
- Scenario 112 Answers
- Scenario 113
- Scenario 113 Answers
- Scenario 114
- Scenario 114 Part APlanning
- Scenario 114 Part BConfiguration
- Scenario
- Scenario 21 Answers - 2
- Scenario 22 Answers 3 4
- Scenario 31 Answers 5
- Scenario 32 Answers 6
- Scenario 33 Answers 7
- Scenario 41 Answers 8
- Scenario 42 Answers 9
- Scenario 51 Answers 10
- Scenario 52 Answers 11
- Scenario 53 Answers 12
- Scenario 61 Answers 13
- Scenario 62 Answers 14 15
- Scenario 71 Answers 16
- Scenario 72 Answers 17 18
- Scenario 82 Answers 19
- Scenario 83 Answers 20
- Scenario 91 Answers 21
- Scenario 92 Answers 22
- Scenario 93 Answers
- Scenario Answers - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- Scenarios for Final Preparation
- Security Using Access Lists
- Solutions to Eigrp Scaling Issues
- Solutions to Scenario 114 Part BConfiguration
- Specific Commands for Monitoring Policy Routing Configurations
- Standard IP Access Lists
- Static Routes
- Strategies for The Exam
- Subinterfaces
- Summarization
- Summarization with EIGRP
- Summary of CIDR - 2
- Symptoms of a Poorly Scaled Eigrp Network
- Symptoms of Congestion
- Synchronization
- The ABRs and ASBR Propagation of LSAs
- The Advantages of Using VLSM
- The Benefits of Policy Based Routing
- The Contents of the Neighbor Table
- The debug Commands
- The Default or Seed Metric
- The Designated Router
- The Different Types of Areas
- The Distance Vector Routing Metrics
- The DUAL Finite State Machine
- The Equation for Determining the Number of IBGP4 Sessions
- The Features of This Book
- The Functions of Each Layer
- The Hello Packet
- The Hello Protocol
- The Implementation of IP Access Lists
- The Internet Authoritative Bodies
- The Internet Mask
- The Key Features of BGP4
- The Link State Advertisements
- The Logic Used in Distribute Lists
- The Logical AND
- The Main Features of NAT
- The Main Features of Redistribution
- The match Commands for Policy Routing with Route Maps
- The Meaning of Link State
- The Metric
- The Metric Field
- The Network and How It Is Addressed
- The network Command
- The Newer Subnet Rules
- The Next Hop Attribute and a Broadcast Multiaccess Network
- The OSPF area range Command for an ABR
- The OSPF Command for a Stub Area
- The OSPF Command for a Totally Stubby Area
- The OSPF Command for the Cost of a Default Route Propagated into the Area
- The OSPF network Command
- The OSPF summarization Command for an ASBR
- The Passive Interface
- The Purpose of the Next Logical Hop Field
- The Purpose of the Outgoing Interface Field
- The Required Commands for Configuring EIGRP
- The Route Map Command Syntax
- The Route Map Statements
- The Routing Function
- The Routing Table
- The Routing Switching Relationship in a Cisco Router
- The Rules by Which Route Reflectors Propagate Updates
- The show ip eigrp neighbors Command
- The show ip eigrp topology Command
- The show ip eigrp traffic Command
- The show ip ospf borderrouters Command
- The show ip ospf database Command
- The show ip ospf interface Command
- The show ip ospf neighbor Command
- The show ip ospf virtuallinks Command
- The show ip protocols Command
- The show ip route Command - 2
- The Spanning Tree Protocol Breaks
- The Switching Function
- The Topology Database
- The Topology Table Fields
- The Use of The bandwidthpercent Command
- The Virtual Link
- To Another AS
- Topics in This Book
- Traffic Analysis and Network Design
- Tunneling into IP
- Types of Prioritization
- Types of Routing Protocols
- Updating the Routing Table in Active Mode with DUAL
- Updating the Routing Table in Passive Mode with DUAL
- Using EIGRP in Enterprise Networks
- Using OSPF Across Multiple Areas
- Using OSPF in a Single Area
- Verifying Maintaining and Troubleshooting the Redistribution Implementation
- Verifying the Configuration of Attributes
- Verifying the Eigrp Operation
- Verifying the Prefix List Configuration
- What the network Command Will Do
- Whats on the Routing 20 Exam
- When Not to Use BGP4
- When to Configure the Administrative Distance
- When to Use BGP4
- Where to Place the Network Boundary
- Which Router Should Be Chosen as the Designated Router
- Which Topology to Choose
- Why Does BGP4 Require a Fully Meshed Network
- Why Is the network Command So Complex
- Why Multiple Areas
- Why Path Selection Populates the Routing Table
- Why Scaling Reduces Congestion
- Why Use Multiple Tcpip Protocols
