Example 129 Using the Spanning Tree root Macro Command
3550_switch(config) spanning-tree vlan 192 root primary vlan 192 bridge priority set to 24576 vlan 192 bridge max aging time unchanged at 20 vlan 192 bridge hello time unchanged at 2 vlan 192 bridge forward delay unchanged at 15 When this command was entered, the default priority found on VLAN 192 was 32,768 therefc set the priority less than that (in this case, 24,576). The value of 24,576 is a unique value the extended sy stem ID is in use. If the value of the priority were changed to 8192,...
CCIE Multicast Lab Scenario
When studying multicast for the TTIE lab, think about the wording of things. This chapter provided a number of examples from which you can understand the importance of isolating the key words. You must ascertain exactly how the TTIE lab wants you to perform the work. When comparing the multicast routing table with the unicast routing table, you might encounter gotchas, as outlined previously in the Multicast Troubleshooting Example section. You might encounter other en foreseen difficulties....
Low Latency Queuing LLQ
Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), also known as Priority-Based Weighted Fair Queuing, makes it possibl traffic classes from within a class-based policy using CBWFQ and the modular QoS CLI. LLQ allows toaffic from at l east on e clas s po licy to be sent to one st rict-pr i ority quene called a prior two major advantages to u sing L pQ over PQ or CBWFQ alone. With PQ, as long as the highest prior might be allowed to monopolize the bandwidth, starving out other lower-priority queues. With LLQ priority...
Bgp C Ommu Nity Attribut e
BGPcommunities, defined in RFC 1997 (usages defined in RFCs 1998 and 2519), are an optional transitive attribute that define groups that follow the same policies. The policies assigned to communities affect the way routers belonging to the communities accept or deny incoming routes. They mig ht al so be used to specify a preference for p articular routes. For a rou te to belong to a commu nity, it must Ire locaNy configured to do so. All community-aw are BGP speakers belong to the In te rnet...
Example 983 BGP Configuration for the Stormy Router
No synchronization bgp router-id 16.8.4.9 bgp log-neighbor-changes network 50.0.0.0 network 60.0.0.0 network 70.0.0.0 neighbor 191.19.42.2 remote-as 51038 neighbor 191.19.42.2 ebgp-multihop 2 neighbor 191.19.42.2 update-source Loopback50 no auto-summary ip route 191.19.42.2 255.255.255.255 16.8.4.2 ip route 191.19.42.2 255.255.255.255 16.8.4.6 Similar to the Sunny router, the Stormy router is configured using the bgp router-id, ebgp-multihop , and update-source commands. Step 8. Configure BGP...
Table 616 Generic Traffic Shaping Command Arguments
Specifies that all traffic matching the access list (1-2699) is to be shaped. Specifies that all traffic on this interface is to be shaped. The normal rate that traffic will be transmitted (CIR) at, ranging from 8000 to th interface's full bit rate in bits per second. For example, a 100-Mbps interface's fu CIR will range from 8000 to 100,000,000. Some Cisco IOS Software versions have different range values for this command must use a value th at exists in the range provided by the software...
Note
The onig inal RSVP RESV message sent tuy th e RSVP eeceiver may n ot always be sent all the way back to the sendmg host m al I situat ions. If i receivers yend an RSV P RESV messa ge, and there is a poi nt where Re flowsioecs so r these reservations mcrge, only tire largest flo wspec is forwanded all the way back to tlue sender The RSVP RESV message may also include a request for a confirmation of the resource reservation. When that is the case, either the sender or the RSVP router (at the...
Example 425 STAC Compression Example
Interface Serial0 2 ip address 175.25.25.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast clockrate 1300000 compress stacs with brief coverage of the co interface Serial0 ip address 175.25.25.2 255.255.255.0 no ip mroute-cache compress stac To verify the operation of STAC compression, use the show compress command, as shown in Exa 26. This command displays information about compression-enabled interfaces the number of iytu compressed on 1-, 5-, and 10-minute intervals and the statistics for the number...
Example 866 Steps to Correct the IBGP Routing Problem
Router bgp 409 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes network 10.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 neighbor 10.1.1.3 remote-as 409 neighbor 10.1.1.3 next-hop-self neighbor 62.129.48.1 remote-as 203 neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 409 neighbor 192.168.1.2 next-hop-self neighbor 192.168.2.2 remote-as 409 neighbor 192.168.2.2 next-hop-self router bgp 409 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes network 10.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 neighbor 10.1.1.2 remote-as 409 neighbor 10.1.1.2 next-hop-self...
Multiple Spanning Tree 8021s
Multiple Spanning Tree 802.1s enables you to group VLANs and their associated STP tree into comi instances. Members of the same STP instance have the same STP topology, such as root and which forwarding and so on. The VLANs that are members of one STP instance operate independently of > another STP instance. MST enables network administrators to quickly configure load balancing acrc network, without having to set an individual root or priority for each VLAN on the switch. MST acco in parP by...
Open Sent State
In the OpenSent state, the BGP peer waits for an OPEN message from its peer. After an OPEN message has been received, it is checked for validity. At this time, all fields in the OPEN message are checked against the local BGP configuration. Any fields that do not match the expected values cause an OPEN message error to occur. At this time, the BGP peer also checks to verify that a connection collision has not occurred. If the message is valid, the peer sends a KEEPALIVE mess age to itn eeer,...
DVMRP Multicast Routing
Because multicast routing and unicast routing deal with separate topologies, policy requires that PIM follow the multicast topology to build loop-free distribution trees. PIM can use any unicast routing protocol to reference for RPF checks, but multicast-specific protocols might be better for tree building. Using DistanEe Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), Cisco routers can exchange DVMRP unicast routes with othmr routers or mrouted-based machines. PIM can also use this for RPF...
Example 45 show interface fastethernet Command
1750a> show interface fastethernet 0 FastEthernetO is administratively down, line protocol is down Hardware is PQUICC_FEC, address is 0004.2722.81d8 (bia 0004.2722.81d8) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255 255, txload 1 255, rxload 1 255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Auto-duplex, 10Mb s, 100BaseTX FX ARP type ARPA, ARP Timeout 04 00 00 Last input never, output 01 03 50, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never...
Example 862 IBGP Configuration for the Strawberry and Vanilla Routers
The preceding example also demonstrated how the neighbor p-addressnext-hop-self command was used to alter the NEXT_HOP attribute for routes passed between the I-BGP peers. Also, notice that after configuring BGP routing between the Vanilla and Strawberry routers, even though the routers have valid routes in their BGP tables, the Vanilla router cannot ping the Chocolate router's networks, and the Strawberry router cannot ping the Mint router's networks, as shown here Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP...
Figure 812 The IScream for Coffee Network
Yhe Vanilla, Strawberry, and Mocha routers require back-to-back serial and Ethernet (or Yoken Ring ) con nections. r Yhe Mocha, l_atte, and Americano houteps a l oo require back-te-back senial co nnections. Configure aN IP ad dresses on the i oo pba cle, serial, and .thernet inte rfaces, as showc in Figere S-- . Enable OSPF routing on all routers except for Mint and Chocolate with the exception of the loopback interfaces, all interfaces on these routers should belong to OSPF area 0. Make sure...
Example 984 BGP Configuration for the Calm Router
Router bgp 51038 no synchronization bgp router-id 191.19.42.2 bgp log-neighbor-changes network 191.19.43.0 mask 255.255.255.0 aggregate-address 191.19.42.0 255.255.254.0 summary-only neighbor 10.50.50.1 remote-as 51038 neighbor 10.50.50.1 next-hop-self neighbor 16.8.4.9 remote-as 714 neighbor 16.8.4.9 ebgp-multihop 2 neighbor 16.8.4.9 update-source Loopback50 no auto-summaryctice labs include all of the technologies and gradually increase in difficulty ip nat pool public 191.19.43.3...
Lab Exercise
In this lab, you configure BGP peering relationships between the I-Scream for Coffee 32-flavor network an d use the BGP routing as a backbone for routing between the external networks hosPed by t he Mint and Chocolate routers in autonomous systems 203 and 507, and the internal networSs hi osted by the Vanilla, Strawberry, Latte, and Americano routers in AS 409. To test your skill in BGP routing, you have to send test calls between the phones on the Chocolate and Latte routers.
Example 632 Using Traffic Policing to Regulate Traffic
Match access-group 101 class-map match-all internet match access-group 103 class-map match-all user-traffic match access-group 102 policy-map traffic-policy class management police cir 2000000 bc 375000 be 750000 conform-action set-prec-transmit 4 exceed-action transmit class user-traffic police cir 3000000 bc 562500 be 1125000 conform-action set-prec-transmit 3 exceed-action transmit class internet police cir 5000000 bc 937500 be 1875000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop Example 6-3 3...
Example 438 The Policy Routing Configuration for the Cntry Str
Interface TokenRing0 ip address 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache, Volume II leads CCIE candidates through the process of preparing for th no ip mroute-cache selling first edition, this book provides coverage of CCIE lab exam topics ip policy route-map voice-traffic ring-speed 16 access-list 150 permit tcp host 192.168.61.254 host 10.53.6.2 eq 1720 access-list 150 permit tcp host 192.168.61.254 eq 1720 host 10.53.6.2 access-list 150 permit tcp host 192.168.61.254 host 10.53.5.5 eq...
Example 812 Debugging BGP
BGP debugging is on Alki clear ip bgp * 01 10 18 BGP 192.168.32.2 went from Established to Idle Comment BGP cleared session 01 10 18 BGP-5-ADJCHANGE neighbor 192.168.32.2 Down User reset Comment the ADJCHANGE message indicates the session with the 192.168.32.2 neighbor is down due to a user reset Comment The BGP session is being closed 01 10 38 BGP 192.168.32.2 went from Idle to Active 01 10 38 BGP 192.168.32.2 open active, delay 26900ms Comment The router sent a active host TCP open message...
Example 848 Sideshow Router Configuration
Router bgp 858 bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor 157.209.8.6 remote-as 1013 no auto-summary BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 157.209.8.5 Status codes s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Origin codes i - IGP, e - EGP, - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 111.200.48.0 22 157.209.8.6 0 0 1013 i *> 111.200.52.0 22 157.209.8.6 0 0 1013 i *> 208.211.101.0 157.209.8.6 0 0 1013 i
Example 43 show memory dead Command
Head Total(b) Processor 811E15FC 6416900 I O 1800000 8388608 Processor memory Address Bytes Prev. Next Used(b) Free(b) Lowest(b) Largest(b) 8120E740 812A3F44 812A8C0 0 812A8DDC 64 812 0E6E8 8120E7AC 1 92 812A3EB0 812A3FCC 1 808AF3AC CEF process 801D4 870 TTY timer block 8 0 8AF3AC CEF process 8 0 8AF3A0 CEF process In addition to displaying the memory summary and memory allocated for dead processes, it is also helpful to check for memory allocation failures, using the show memory failures alloc...
Weighed Fair Queuing
Based on the min-max fair-share algorithm, Weighed Fair Queuing (WFQ) is the default queuing method for interfaces with bandwidth less than E1 speed (2048 kbps). The min-max fair-share algorithm allocates resources based on demand in a round-robin queuing system. With the min-max fair-share algorithm, smaller packets are transmitted before larger packets. Packets waiting to be transmitted are queued, based on an equation that takes the capacity of available resource bandwidth and divides it by...
I
The term RIB stands for Routing Info rma tion Base (da taba se) and refncs to a ro uting table. Step 1. BGP speakers, Apples and Oranges, form a BGP peering session. Step 2. The Apples router takes the routes from its local BGP table, Loc-RIB, processes the routes according to its outgoing BGP policy for the Oranges peer, and sends the routes that comply with the policy to the outgoing BGP table, Adj-RIB-Out. Step 3. The Apples router sends the Oranges all BGP routes matching the local BGP...
Example 32 Configuration of MSDP on Anycast RP Routers
Ip address 10.0.0.101 255.255.255.255 ip msdp peer 10.0.0.102 connect-source loopback 1 ip msdp originator-id loopback 1 ip address 10.0.0.102 255.255.255.255 ip msdp peer 10.0.0.101 connect-source loopback 1 ip msdp originator-id loopback 1 MTDP peers with a TCP session and exchanges any new source active (TA) messages with all other peers. The commands listed are the minimum necessary to make MTDP operational. This minimum is listed here not to belittle the technology but because this theory...
Example 146 Management Portion of tundrasswitch1 Thus
Enable secret 5 1 nt35 131XBSgKT6BmA1KHMqj1V1 < < < text omitted> > > i interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown ip address 172.16.2.16 255.255.255.0 < < text omitted> > > i line con 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco Telnet access allowed login line vty 5 7 login The second step calls for you to configure VTP and VLANs. You need to configure a VLAN for any S ports, and management VLANs. In this model, you need to configure four VLANs VLANs 2, 100, 12 On the 3550, you can do this...
Example 151 Verifying STP and VTP Pruning on the tundraswitch1
Tundra_switch1 show spanning-tree root VLAN02 0 0 24776 0 0 0a.8a0e.ba8 0 0 tundra_switch1 show int port-channel 1 switchport Switchport Enabled Administrative Mode trunk Operational Mode trunk Administrative Trunking Encapsulation dotlq Operational Trunking Encapsulation dot1q Negotiation of Trunking On Access Mode VLAN 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN 1 (default) Trunking VLANs Enabled ALL Pruning VLANs Enabled 2,100,200 < < < text omitted> > > In the next two steps, you...
Table 27 set Commands
Prepend string for a BGP AS_PATH attribute Set BGP route flap dampening parameters Routing Set metric value for destination routing protocol Type of metric for destination routing protocol Tag value for destination routing protocol Policy-routing specific set commands Set the Output interface, used in point-to-point links The first set commands covered here are the ones related to BGP. This section discusses the syntax variousset commands foo BGP an d their basic appMcation. For more specif and...
Example 871 Final Router Configurations for
Interface LoopbacklO ip address 62.120.1.1 255.255.0.0 interface Loopback20 ip address 62.121.1.1 255.255.0.0 interface Loopback30 ip address 62.123.1.1 255.255.0.0 interface Serial0 ip address 62.129.48.1 255.255.255.252 router bgp 203 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes redistribute connected neighbor 62.129.48.2 remote-as 409 no auto-summary interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 ip address 62.129.48.2 255.255.255.252 router-id 10.1.1.2 log-adj acency-changes...
Figure 39 Differences in Shared Tree and Source Tree
PIM Sowcii Htfflisler Mu t-iiH Dill Fltnu To configure PIM sparse mode, use the following command in interface configuration mode Router(config-if) ip pim sparse-dense-mode This is the typical way of representing PIM sparse mode, allowing it to also work in dense mode for certain operations or compatibility. If your design states that you are not allowed to use dense mode, you can issue the following command Router(config-if) ip pim sparse-mode You can configure RPs manually on each multicast...
Update Message
After a BGP session has been established, the peering routers begin to exchange routing information using UPDATE messages. UPDATE messages contain information about each route advertised to the peering router. In BGP routing, network prefixes are also referred to as Network Layer Reachability Intormation (NLRI).Tatle 7-55 shows the in formation contained in BGP UPDATE messages and descriptions of the BGP UPDATE message fields. Table 7-5. BGP UPDATE Message Information Table 7-5. BGP UPDATE...
Example 9112 Using the Well Known Localas Community on the Myers Router
Router bgp 104 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes network 154.103.64.0 mask 255.255.248.0 network 154.103.72.0 mask 255.255.248.0 network 172.20.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0 route-map hide-network neighbor AS8080 peer-group neighbor AS8080 remote-as 8080 neighbor AS8080 ebgp-multihop 2 neighbor 155.206.127.105 peer-group AS8080 neighbor 172.20.20.2 remote-as 104 no auto-summary ip route 155.206.127.105 255.255.255.255 154.107.0.10 route-map hide-network permit 10 set community local-as As...
Figure 125 Root Guard Placement
J Dasiietf H cl Swiieh plenty 32 6S Foreign Customer range r_swiicli Network With root guard enabled on the GigabitEthernet 0 1 of the dragon switch, it will perform the follow detects a switch with characteristics to become root for VLAN 5 (in this case, the ranger switch), it port into an STP broken state with a reason of Root Inconsistent. The port will then be put into a state, preventing the ranger switch from becoming root for the entire VLAN and preserving the cur fire switch. The...
Example 54 RSVP Simulation on the Moe Router
Ip address 192.168.42.1 255.255.255.0 ip rsvp bandwidth 7000 7000 interface Et hernet0 0 ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 router eigrp 170 network 192.168.2.0 network 192.168.42.0 no auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes ip rsvp sender-host 192.168.16.1 192.168.42.1 tcp 0 0 128 8 Moe show ip rsvp sender detail PATH Session address 192.168.16.1, port 0. Protocol TCP Sender address 192.168.42.1, port 0 Traffic params - Rate 128K bits sec,Max. burst 8K bytes Min Policed Unit 0 bytes, Max...
Example 9106 Almeida Routers OSPF Configuration
Router ospf 1 router-id 155.206.127.107 log-adj acency-changes area 1 stub network 155.206.127.0 0.0.0.7 area 0 network 155.206.127.64 0.0.0.3 area 1 network 155.206.127.107 0.0.0.0 area 0 default-information originate always metric-type 1 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 155.206.127.5 After OSPF has been configured, all the internal routers should reach all OSPF-enabled interfaces. The default route should also have been advertised this introduces a small problem, though. Unless you configure a...
Figure 91 Before and After Route Reflectors
In the first part of the figure, each of the 6 routers has an I-BGP peer connection to each of its peers, creating 15 I-BGP connecIi ons. The second part of1 the figure s hows how route refle ctors simplify the I-BGP configuration for each of the six routers with Routers Rekhter and Li acting as route reflector servers and Routers Traina, Hask n, Bates, and Chandra scting as route reflector clients to the Rekhtet and Li routers. When route reffector clients are homed to two or more route re...
Example 23 Route Map Application During Redistribution
Route-map with the lowest sequence numb gets executed first < Call access-list, the IF of the route-rr < If access-list is true, THEN do somethi Next highest sequence number gets executed Call access-list, the IF of the route-rr < If access-list is true, THEN do somethi < Implicit deny at the end all route-maps This will not show up in the config router ospf 65 log-adj acency-changes log-adj acency-changes redistribute eigrp 65001 subnets route-map set_tag < Call the route-map...
Example 431 Using AAL5Snap Encapsulation
Interface ATM0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive ip address 172.16.5.5 255.255.255.252 pvc 3 107 protocol ip 172.16.5.6 broadcast encapsulation aal5snap ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252 pvc 5 107 Step 2. Configure EIGRP routing for all routers, and put all router interfaces in EIGRP AS 62. sure that EIGRP routers only advertise the most specific routes do not allow auto-summariz. You may not use EIGPR neighbor statements in this laboratory. Verify that all routers are all ping the...
Example 860 BGP Configuration for the Mint and Vanilla Routers
No synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes redistribute connected neighbor 62.129.48.2 remote-as 409 no auto-summary router bgp 409 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor 62.129.48.1 remote-as 203 no auto-summary BGP table version is 17, local router ID is 62.129.48.6 Status codes s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, Origin codes i - IGP, e - EGP, - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 62.120.0.0 16 62.129.48.1 0 0 203 *>...
Configuring Uplink Fast
Once again, spanning tree's Achilles' heel, the 50-second convergence time, plagues the modern La is another enhancement Cisco has performed with STP designed primarily for use in the wiring clos edge switches. It is designed to speed up the convergence speed between the edge and the core sv 1-24 illustrates where you would use PortFast along with UplinkFast and BackboneFast in a commc Figure 1-24. PortFast, UplinkFast, and BackboneFast Locations Figure 1-24. PortFast, UplinkFast, and...
Example 221 Verifying the Attributes
BGP table version is 4, local router ID is 192.168.192.7 Status codes s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Origin codes i - IGP, e - EGP, - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 128.168.192.0 24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i *> 129.168.192.0 24 172.16.100.10 0 5000 1000 65002 e *> 192.168.192.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i turkey_creek show ip bgp 129.168.192.0 BGP routing table entry for 129.168.192.0 24, version 2 Paths (1 available, best 1) Not advertised to...
Example 138 Root Guard Enabled and Active
3550_switch show spanning-tree detail < < < text omitted> > > Port 25 (GigabitEthernet0 1) of VLAN0005 is broken (Root Inconsistent) Port path cost 4, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.25. Designated root has priority 32768, address 0004.275e.f5c4 Designated bridge has priority 32773, address 0 0 0a.8a0e.ba8 0 Designated Port id is 128.25, designated path cost 19 Timers message age 1, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state 1 BPDU sent 2077, received...
About the Technical Reviewers
Jennifer DeHaven Carroll, CCIE No. 1402, is a principal consultant with Lucent Technologies. She has planned, designed, and implemented many large networks over the past 15 years. She has also developed and taught theory and Cisco implementation classes on all IP routing protocols. Jenny i s the coauthor of Routing TCP IP, Volume II, (Cisco Press, 2001) with Jeff Doyle and can be reached at jennifer.carroll ieee.org. Greg TiMett, CCIE No. 5231, is currently working toward his second CCIE in the...
Unsupported CLI Commands in Release 121 11EA1
This section lists some of the CLI commands that are displayed when you enter the question mark the Catalyst 3550 switch prompt but are not supported in this release, either because they are not or because of Catalyst 3550 hardware limitations. This is not a complete list. The unsupported com are listed by software feature and command mode. Access Control Lists Unsupported Privileged EXEC Commands access-enable host timeout minutes access-template access-list-number name dynamic-name source...
Descriptions
Averagetarget-bit-rate sustained-bit-rate excess-per-interval The CBS average command configures the router to shape traffic to an average rate with average-rate shaping, the shaper shapes all traffic to the normal burst rate for each interval. tike the GTS CIR, the target bit rate is the normal rate at which traffic will be transmitted (CIR), ranging from 8000 to the interface's full bit rate in bits per second. For example, a 1.544-Mbps interface's full CIR will range from 8000 to...
Routerefresh Message
Prior to Cisco IOS Software Release 12.0(6)T, all BGP-speaking routers used to require a manual BGP session reset eaclu time the local routing policy changed. This session reset allowed peers to apply new poli cies as the routers process ed and received the incoming routing updates from their remote peers. In legacy versions of Cisco IOS software, this problem was solved, on a peer-by-pe er basis, using BGP soft reconfiguration. After BGP soft reconfiguration has been configured on a legacy...
Ro ute Refl ectors
BGProute reflectors, defined in RFC 1966, provide a simple solution to the I-BGP ful l-mesh problem for large I-BGP implementations. As a quick review, there are two entities in a route reflector spenario the server and tee p lionts. Ea ph route reflector server requires a n I- eGP peer ponneeti on to eaeh oe its clients. However, thd die nts require only a ponnepeion to the route reflepror server. The server se nds usages to eap a op the plien t routers throug h th e I-BGP sonneption, e limin...
Figure 15 VTP Modes and Propagation
Mude VIPOcYTiDin skyn l VTP pa lwflrJ toe mude VIPOcYTiDin skyn l VTP pa lwflrJ toe Vrrn clmM mucin Vfl1 SomjIntKynel VTT paSinDcdiCtt Vrrn clmM mucin Vfl1 SomjIntKynel VTT paSinDcdiCtt VTP advertisements are sent out on all trunk connections in Inter-Switch Link (ISL) frames, 802.1Q frames, IEEE 802.10, or ATM LAN Emulation (LANE) cells. VTP frames are sent to the destination MAC address of 0100.0ccc.cccc with a logical link control (LLC) code of SNAP (AAAA). IEEE 802.1Q frames have an...
Idle State
Aom ng to RFC 1771, at hhe begi nning of each BGP peer ehsion, each of the pe er routers must pass through vario us BGP states. Thd first statg t hat a rou ten e nters when con abed for BGP is the Idle state. In the Idle state, the BGP-speaking router refuses incoming BGP session requests. At this point, the router has not allocated any resources to the BGP process and does not do so until a BGP start event has either been initiated by the router's BGP process or by manual user...
Example 9S7 Filtering Transit Routes
Router bgp 51038 no synchronization bgp router-id 191.19.42.1 bgp log-neighbor-changes network 191.19.42.0 mask 255.255.255.0 aggregate-address 191.19.42.0 255.255.254.0 summary-only neighbor 10.50.50.2 remote-as 51038 neighbor 10.50.50.2 next-hop-self neighbor 137.246.4.1 remote-as 417 neighbor 137.246.4.1 ebgp-multihop 2 neighbor 137.246.4.1 update-source Loopback50 neighbor 137.246.4.1 filter-list 8 out ip nat pool public 191.19.42.3 191.19.42.254 ip nat inside source list 8 pool public ip...
Example 311 Configuration for Router A
Flags D - Dense, S - Sparse, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT M - MSDP created entry, X - Proxy Join Timer Running A - Advertised via MSDP Interface state Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State Mode (*, 225.3.3.3), 00 01 23 00 02 59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags D Incoming interface Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list Ethernetl, Forward Sparse-Dense, 00 01 23 00 00 00 (150.1.1.1, 225.3.3.3), 0 0 01 23 00 03 00, flags TA Incoming...
Router Performance Management
At some point in the line nycle of almost every network, some type of quality mechanism must be implemented to provide a level of service. With some networks, it may only be necessary to perform simple hardware or software upgrades every few years. Other networks may require the use of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), either as customer or as service provider, to guarantee a certain level of service. A number of methods can be used to establish a certain level of quality of service (Qoh) the...
Step 4 Controlling STP and VLAN Propagation
The next step is optional but can be imperative in large networks. Cisco implements a couple of fee allow for switches to be plug and play in small networks but can have the negative effect of genera significant amounts of traffic in large networks. Features such as Per VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST), the default setting that every VLAN is communicated on every trunk port, can cause the edge switc overPun processieg spaneing-tree requests and other broadcasts. In the network in Figure 1-17, for...
Configuring Advanced Switching on the Cisco Catalyst 3550 Ethernet Switch
Ethernet is often referred to as an evolutionary protocol rather than a revolutionary protocol. Over the years, Ethernet has evolved by building on various standards at astonishing speeds. Evolutionary e rotocols build on the curre nt standard and provide some form of migration path, whereas revolutionary protocols involve some form of scientific breakthrough or use new technology. Revolutionary protocols use few parts, if any, of the existing infrastructure. The ev oluti on of1 Ethernet...
Example 861 BGP Configuration for the Chocolate and Strawberry Routers
Bgp log-neighbor-changes redistribute connected neighbor 108.201.14.2 remote-as 409 no auto-summary router bgp 409 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor 108.201.14.1 remote-as 507 no auto-summary BGP table version is 11, local router ID is 108.201.14.10 Status codes s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, Origin codes i - IGP, e - EGP, - incomplete *> 108.201.14.0 30 108.201.14.1 *> 108.201.15.0 24 108.201.14.1 *> 108.201.17.0 24 108.201.14.1...
Example 26 show ip ospf database Command
OSPF Router with ID (192.168.10.10) (Process ID 7) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq Checksum Link count 0x18D8 1 Net Link States (Area 0) ADV Router Age 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.10 1027 ringo Examining the route table of a downstream OSPF router, such as clanton, you can see the effects o metric-tyide type-1 c omma nd. Notlce in EExam ule 20-6 tuat mhe 1772.16.2.0 2-4, 192.168.10.0 24, a laa.16.l6 .4 30 rolrtes are OSPF externa tyee 1 routes. Normally, or by defaul t, the...
Configuring Layer 2 and Layer 3 Ether Channel
EtherChannel is yet another form of trunk line you can configure. The common way to configure E) bs Laner 2 borween two switches. Usua lly ISL om 802.1Q is also ronOig ured. On the Ca talyst 3550 w boftwa-e installed, yo u can also configure Layer 3 EtherChannel. EtherChannel has some limitations you should be aware of when configuring it. Some of these limit hardware speciei c there fore, it is a go od idea to loo k up tee spec i fic E therChann el limitations for tl you are co nfiguring. The...
Example D7 Scumble Routers Routing Table After IP Prefix List
Scumble show ip route include is via C 192.168.10.0 24 is directly connected, Loopback10 C 192.168.11.0 24 is directly connected, Loopback20 C 192.168.4.0 24 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 192.168.5.0 24 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 192.168.6.0 24 is directly connected, Loopback4 11.0.0.0 24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 11.1.1.0 90 156160 via 192.168.1.1, 00 02 30, FastEthernet0 C 192.168.7.0 24 is directly connected, Loopback5 C 192.168.1.0 24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0 C...
Example 981 Verifying Step
Cloudy show ip bgp neighbors 137.246.4.1 advertised-routes begin Network Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 191.19.42.0 23 0.0.0.0 32768 i Source address or interface 10.50.50.1 Type of service 0 Set DF bit in IP header no Validate reply data no Data pattern OxABCD Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose none Sweep range of sizes n Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds Success rate is 100 percent (5 5), round-trip min avg...
Example 813 Debugging BGP Updates
BGP updates debugging is on Alki clear ip bgp * 01 33 30 BGP-5-ADJCHANGE neighbor 192.168.32.2 Down User reset Comment The session was reset upon user request 01 34 12 BGP-5-ADJCHANGE neighbor 192.168.32.2 Up Comment The BGP session with peer 192.168.32.2 is back up 01 34 12 BGP(0) 192.168.32.2 rcvd UPDATE w attr nexthop 192.168.32.2, origin i, metric 0, path 600 Comment The router received an update from peer 192.168.32.2 containing the BGPat Comment NEXTHOP 192.168.32.2 Comment ORIGIN i...
Class Based Queuing Solutions
Class-Based Weighed Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) combines advantages of CQ and WFQ to create an ad' method that provides fair queuing to up to 64 user-defined classes. CBWFQ classes can be defined access list, or input interface each class has its own queue. Classes are customized using characte bandwidth, weight and queue size. After a queue exceeds its maximum size, packets are dropped default behavioe, or WRED if configured to do so. Traffic that does not match any class characterist class, is sent...
Route Reflectors
As mentioned earlier in this chapter, the BGP-4 protocol requires that all BGP peers belonging to the same AS form an I-BGP session with all other peers in that AS. The original BGP specifications assumed that an IGP protocol was running within each AS to synchronize all I-BGP sessions. Since the specification was written, however, more and more BGP users are no longer using IGP synchronization, and it has become very difficult for large networks running I-BGP to have I-BGP-speaking routers...
Configuring VTP Pruning
InFiqure 1-17, a port is active on VLAN 2 on the crane, yin, and yang switches, but not on the man VTP pruning) is enaeied for VLAN 2 on the yang switch, the mantis sw itch will not rece ive broadcast and unknown iflooded unicast toaffic for VLAN 2. Likewise, the crane switch will not receive the sam traffic from VLAN 3 and VLAN 4, assuming pruning is enabled on the yin switch. By default, VTP pr disabled therefore, global VTP pruning must be enabled. Enabling VTP pruning is a two-step proce...
Avoiding Congestion with WRED
When no congestion avoidance mechanism is in place, interfaces drop packets based on tail drop. tcasic ally mean s that when the qu eue for an interface is full, any new packets arnving for transmiss mat interface are dro piped until t he interface has enough queue space to service new packets. Anot manage network congestion is by avoiding it altogether Weighed Random Early Detection (WRED) designxp to do just that Based on the Random Earl y Detection (RED) augoei thm, neveloped by Sall and...
Figure 36 Multicast Source Tree
Notation (S,G) S Source G Group The notation of S,G represents a pairing of the source (unicast) address and the group (multicast) address this pair discovers the shortest-path tree. In Figure 3-6, the S,G noted is (192.168.1.1, 224.1.1.1). This S,G notation is used for each source tree. Every individual source sending to each specific group results in a separate S,G tree being noted. In large networks, this can lead to an inordinate number of S,G trees being planted in a network. This...
Example 162 Configuring MST and RSTP on the walker1 Switch
Walker1(config) spanning-tree mst config walker1(config-mst) name walker walker1(config-mst) revision 1 walker1(config-mst) instance 1 vlan 2-300 walker1(config-mst) exit < Enter MST configuration mode < MST name < MST revision number < assign VLANs 2-300 to instance 1 < apply changes important walkerl(config) spanning-tree mst 1 root primary Set root for instance 1 walkerl(config) spanning-tree mode mst enable MST You can verify the status of MST with the show spanning-tree mst 1 and...
CCIE Practice Labs
The CCIE practice labs are designed to give you an accurate representation of what a CCIE lab exam actually looks like. Some labs are complete CCIE labs, which require hardware to support voice, ATM, and two Cisco 3550s others have less stringent hardware requirements. The labs are also designed to be easily modifiable to your own hardware requirements. We realize that everyone does not have access to ATM, voice, and 3550s therefore, every lab has different hardware requirements. Before each...
BGP Finite State Machine Operation
BGP peers transition through several states before becoming adjacent neighbors and exchanging routing information. During each of the states, the peers must send and receive messages, process message data, and initialize resources before proceeding to the next state. This process is known as the BGP Finite-State Machine (FSM) . If the process fails at any point, the session is torn down and the peers both transition back to an Idle state and begin the process again. Each time a session is torn...
Bidirectional PIM
Bidirectional PIM expands on the previously learned methods of tree creation. In forwarding packets downstream (RP to receivers), there is not much difference between sparse mode and bidirectional PIM. To forward packets in an upstream direction, however, there are significant differences. PIM sparse mode cannot move packets in an upstream direction. This would violate the RPF check that all multicast routers perform. All join traffic is contained in a register message toward the RP only while...
Table B1 RFCs Referenced in This Book
Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv A Delay Bound Alternative Revision of RFC 2598 Autonomous System Coneerations for BGP Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 BGP Route Reflexion An Alternative to Full Mesh IBGP A Fcamework foe Inter-Dgmaib Raute Aggnegation An ArchitecWre fon Differentiated Sen ices Dgfinition ou the Differentiated SeFvicos Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 Protection of BGP...
Example 637 show policymap Command Output
Albuquerque show policy-map voice-data Policy Map voice-data Weighted Fair Queueing Class voice Strict Priority Bandwidth 3 0 (kbps) Class data Bandwidth 1125 (kbps) exponential weight 9 class min-threshold max-threshold mark-probability 6 - - 1 10 7 - - 1 10 rsvp - - 1 10 Albuquerque show policy-map interface serial 1 Bandwidth 30 (kbps) Packets Matched 152 Bandwidth 1125 (kbps) Packets Matched 48 (depth total drops no-buffer drops) 0 0 0 drops class random tail min-th max-th As you can see,...
Example 140 show spanningtree mst Command
MST02 vlans mapped 101-1005 Bridge address 0 0 0a.8a0e.ba8 0 priority 24578 (24576 sysid 2) Interface role state cost prio type Notice that the port Fast 0 17 is a designated point-to-point port to a switch in the same region, w Fast 0 20 is a boundary point-to-point link to a PVST (802.1d) domain. Interface Fast 0 3 goes to 1 is an edge port because it is in full duplex, it is also a point-to-point link. To demonstrate how qu ickly MST a nd RSTP conve rge, Example 1-41 i ssves an extended...
Switch Poo rts
Aswitch port is a Layer 2 interface associated with a physical port. The Catalyst 3550 has three prim switch ports access ports, trunk ports, and tunnel ports. The default mode of a port on a 3550 is s swiEchport. This differs slightly from switches such as the Catalyst 3548XL, where the default mode access. The switthport command enabl es you to put the port either in a routed mode or a switche When a port is in switch mode, it can be configured as an access port, trunk, or tunnel port. Attess...
Configuring Extended Range VLANs
Tte Catalyst 35130 switch enaei es you to configure exten ded VOANs. Extended VLANs are VLA Ns in PP06 to 4094. However, the 3550 s witch uses an extended VLA N ID toL ea rx routes popt. Therefori fadge, aon sa fe range, sor extenned VLANs is roughl y 1027 th cough I094. When co nfigmr ing extend you musr fo i lnw certain g uideMne s. ThoC guidelines a re as foNows The switch must be in VTP transparent mode prior to any extended VLAN configuration. Routed ports use an extended VLAN starting at...
Equipm Eint Needed
Seven Cis co routers three wil l be co nnecte d via V.35 back-to-back cable or a s imilar fashio n to a single eouter serving as t hh F rame Relay sw i tch. Four LAN segment s, provided via hubs o r sw iteh es. Figure 2-ie shows the w ow router with two LAN interfaces one of t hese interfaces may be substi tuted wi th a loop back interface or another router to simulate the nternet, if a real nternet connection is not available. You may want to use IP workstation s or seevers to simul ate...
Mar km g T raffic with DSCP
In the ppst few years, tne ToS field in the IP heade r has been rederinnd to support newer DiffServ f The new Differentiated Service (DS) field contains two subfields that are broken down into what is as codepoints. Codepoints are basically subclassification of the values within the DS field of an IP p contain the same value in the DSCP field. The DS field contains two codepoints the Class Selector Codepoints, formerly known as the IP Precedence field and the Assured Forwarding (AF) Codepoin...
T
Figure 1-3 shows a nother basi c VLAN configuration. The switc h has VLA Ns 1 and 2 configure d on it again. Here the ro uter has a single 1 00-Mbp s i nterface running a VTP, such as 802.ICQ. Traffic going fro m one VLAN to the other must travel up the true k to the ro utbr and then back down the camu trunk. Using a single srunk to route between VLANs is one fa the more economical ways to accomplish routing between VLANs. This type oO configuaation is often refertnd ao as a router on a stick.
Example 310 mrinfo Command Output
172.31.7.37 (r8.lab.emanon.com) version cisco 12.1 flags PMSA 172.31.7.37 -> 172.31.7.34 (r4.lab.emanon.com) 1 0 pim 172.31.7.37 -> 172.31.7.47 (r7.lab.emanon.com) 1 0 pim 172.31.7.37 -> 172.31.7.44 (r14.lab.emanon.com) 1 0 pim 10.11.26.10 -> 10.11.26.9 (routera.lab.emanon.com) 1 32 pim The flags i ncluded in th i s output indicate the following Themstat EXET command enables you to view the IP multicast packet rates and loss information for a multicast source, destination, or group...
Table 71 BGP Peer Connection
As mentioned ea rlieh in thi s chaptee, BGP is a path-vector routing protocol which mea ns tha t routers t sag participate in BGP oouting proaesses roate ra ffic based on AS paths, rath er than itdiviaual router hops like d stance-vector alg ooi thmil or other link-state ns etrics s uch as costs. For BGP to fo rm loop-free pa ths, it uses an attribute iffee red to as AS_PATH, whic h contains the path that the eGP route traversed to reach a destination. Each E-BGu-speaking routed adds its AS to...
Example 223 Route Map Effects on the ringo Router
Codes C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set B 192.168.192.0 24 20 0 via...
Example 940 Using a Prefix List to Filter BGP Routes
Router bgp 2001 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes network 62.128.60.0 mask 255.255.254.0 network 62.128.64.0 mask 255.255.254.0 network 62.128.68.0 mask 255.255.254.0 network 62.128.72.0 mask 255.255.254.0 network 62.128.76.0 mask 255.255.254.0 neighbor 62.128.47.6 remote-as 11151 neighbor 62.128.47.6 prefix-list route-filter out neighbor 62.128.47.194 remote-as 645 neighbor 62.128.47.198 remote-as 645 no auto-summary ip prefix-list route-filter seq 5 permit 62.128.0.0 16 le 23 Willis...
BGP Messages
BGP uses a series of messages to initiate BGP sessions with peering routers, verify that sessions are active, send routing updates, and notify peer routers of error conditions. Each of these messages is used for a particular type of action. Table 7-2 shows a summary of the messages used for all BGP peering sessions. Carries route updates for established BGP sessions Notifies a peer router of an error condition Sent between BGP peering routers to verify BGP session An optional mess age (negotiat...
Class Based Policing
When traffic policy must be enforced, and actions are to be performed when traffic complies, excee certain rates, you might consider using traffic policing. Traffic policing enables you to configure anc policies that can limit either inbound or outbound traffic with user-defined criteria. You define the t using class maps and policy maps, and applying the resulting traffic service policies to interfaces. Y policing to enforce a maximum traffic rate by transmitting, dropping, or marking packets....
Example 46 show controllers serial Command Output
Interface Serial0 1 Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 idb at 0x8129D3E8, driver data structure General GSMR 0x2 0x00000030, Protocol-specific PSMR 0x8 Transmit on Demand TODR 0x0, Data Sync SCC HDLC PARAMETER RAM (at 0x68013D38) CRC Preset C_PRES 0xFFFF, Mask C_MASK 0xF0B8 Errors CRC CRCEC 0, Aborts ABTSC 0, Discards DISFC 0 Rx Int Threshold RFTHR 0, Frame Cnt RFCNT 65046 User-defined Address 0000 0000 0000 0000 User-defined Address Mask 0x0000 PowerQUICC SCC specific errors 0 input aborts on...
Further Reading
Internet Routing Architectures, Cecond edition, by Cam Halabii Flouting TCP IP,Volume II, by Jeff Doyle and Jennifer Dehaven Carroll. CisEo BGP-4 Command and Configuration Handbook, by Dr. William R. Parnhurst. BGP4 Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet, by John W. Ctewart III. RFC 1771, A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4), by Yanov Renter and Tony Li. RFC 1997, BGP Communities Attribute, by Ravi Chandra and Paul THana. RFC 1998, An Application of the BGP COMMUNITY Attribute in Multi-Home...
Physical Layout and Prestaging
For this experiment, you use the network layout shown in Figure 9-20. The routers in AS 104 and ASS 60 simu laee Internet service provider networks Internet Service Provider-1 and Internet Service Provider-2. Th e Drazen and Palmer routers are the 24-hour network border routers, and all other no uters are internal 24-hour network routers. Cable the routers as shown in Figure 9-20. The Myers, Gaines, Farrell, Drazen, and Palmer routers should be connected to the Frame Relay switch using the...
L ab Objectives
A Configure the routing protocols as depicted in Figure 2-11. The only interface on wisconsin_x broadcasting EIGRP updates should be the LAN interface. Configure OSPF on the wisconsin_x and gamenet routers. The serial interface of wisconsin_x will be in OSPF area 2. The serial s0.1 interface of the gamenet router is in OSPF area 2, and the LAN interface is in OSPF area 0. The s0.2 interface of the gamenet router will be configured for EIGRP, using AS 65001. All interfaces of the california_x...
Table 57 Voice Over IP Codecs
Theshow dialer-peer v oice include codec comman d displays the curren t codec configuration can use th iy iuformation to calculate the RSVP reservation information for voice traffic as shown in Example 5-6. The full version of the show dial-peer voice command displays detailed information each of the dial- pe ers.
Example 165 SVI Interface Configuration
Interface Vlan20 ip address 172.16.2.16 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan100 ip address 172.16.10.16 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan192 ip address 172.16.192.16 255.255.255.0 interface Vlan300 ip address 172.16.30.16 255.255.255.0 EEe final portion of the lab is Co configu re 0 GRP as the routing p roto col. IP routing needs to be rrabl ed vtitla the global configuration co m mand ip routing. To conf ure the Layer 3 s witching portion oft hie lab, you just need to configu re 0IGRP on the to uters agd...
Multicast Routing Manager MRM
The MRM is a great tool to use on multicast networks and on any routers therein. Three pieces are necessary to perform a live multicast test a test sender (multicast source), test receiver (multicast receiver), and test manager. The network in Figure 3-14 shows how an MRM test can be laid out. The number of multicast routers within the Multicast Forwarding Network is irrelevant. Place thc test sender and test receiver appropriately to test and troubleshoot different parts of thc network. phe...
Exercise
Passive-mode FTP to 192.16.12.8, TFTP To configure these nine queues, use seven IP access lists, as shown in Example 6-16. Example 6-16. Access Lists for Custom Queuing list 101 permit ospf any any list 101 permit udp any any eq snmp list 102 permit gre any any list 103 remark DLSw 2065, 2067, 1981, 1982, and 1983 list 103 permit tcp any any eq 2065 list 103 permit tcp any any eq 2067 list 103 permit tcp any any eq 1981 list 103 permit tcp any any eq 1982 list 103 permit tcp any any eq 1983...
Confederations
Another way to solve the I-BGP full-mesh requirement is to use confederations. Defined in RFC 3065, BGP confederations are smaller sub-autonomous systems that can be created within a primary AS to decrease the size of BGP peer connections that are required between I-BGP peers. Figure 7-40 shows six routers before and after the creation of AS confederations. Figure 7-40. Before and After AS Confederations Figure 7-40. Before and After AS Confederations In the top diagram, all 6 peers in AS 1765...
Example 858 Redistributing Static Routes
Router bgp 152 no synchronization bgp log-neighbor-changes redistribute static neighbor 93.21.5.1 remote-as 546 neighbor 196.205.41.1 remote-as 258 no auto-summary ip route 8.2.135.0 255.255.255.224 NullO 254 ip route 8.2.135.32 255.255.255.224 NullO 254 ip route 8.2.135.64 255.255.255.224 NullO 254 ip route 8.2.135.96 255.255.255.224 Null0 254 ip route 8.2.135.128 255.255.255.224 NullO 254 ip route 8.2.135.160 255.255.255.224 NullO 254 ip route 8.2.135.192 255.255.255.224 NullO 254 ip route...
BGP Neighbor Authentication
One of the easiest ways to reduce security risks on a BGP network is to use BGP peer authentication. The Cisco implementation of BGP uses the TCP MD-5 signature as specified in RFC 2385. This algorithm takes a key, the password entered during configuration, and performs an MD-5 hash on th e key, and sends the resulting hash to the remote peer. The password itself is never sent over the connection. Only one configura tion step) is required to use BGP MD-5 password authentication that step is...
Figure 112 The Bridge ID BID
Dataull 32,768 Backplane Supervisor IEEE 802.1T spanning-tree extensions address the fact that the priority value is really too large. 802.1T remedies these situations by using an extended system ID. The extended system ID was created in part to start to conserve MAC addresses. The IEEE 802.1d standard requires that each bridge switch have a unique BID. In PVST+, each VLAN requires a unique BID therefore, the same switch must have as many unique BIDs as VLANs configured on it. This can cause a...
CCIE Practice Lab Kobayashi Maru
1 Frame Rel ay sw c 4 serial ports ISDN simulator switch with 2 BRI ports ATM awitch w ito 2 ATM interfaces 1 lab router 1 Ethernet and 1 serial interface 1 lab router 1 Ethernet, 1 serial interface, and 1 FXS voice port 1 laN renter 1 Fast Ethernet, 1 serial, 1 ATM, and 1 ISDN BRI 1 lab router 1 Ethernet, 1 ISDN BRI, and 2 serial 1 lab router 2 Ethernet and 1 FXS voice port 1 lab router 2 Ethernet and 1 serial 1 Ethernet 3550 switch with the EMI software, 1 fiber port or crossover cable for...
Section II n C atalyst Confi gu rati on
Configure an 802.1Q trunk between sw15_355r and sw16_355r. Use the Gig 0 1 and Gig 2 interfaces for re dundancy. Do not put Ic addresFes on the Gigabit inter ces. (You can use two 100IASE-T interfaces for this lab.) 2. Con figure sw t6_355r to be a VTP server and sw15_355() to be tte cl ient. Use PSV2 ae the VnP n om ain name and ccie as the VTP password. 3. Condigure the VLA Ns as depicted in Figure 10-2. Do not use VLA N Figure 10-2. Network Diagram for Broken Arrow 4. Configure sw16_3550 a s...
Example 13 Configuring Default Routing on Catalyst 3550
3550_switch(config) ip default-gateway 172.16.128.5 3550_switch(config) exit 3550_switch 3550_switch show ip route Default gateway is 172.16.128.5 Host Gateway Last Use Total Uses Interface ICMP redirect cache is empty 3550 switch CCIE PSV1 stressed avoiding use of VLAN 1 for user traffic. A personal design rule I use in the avoid VLAN 1 if at all possible. There are numerous reasons for this. VLAN 1 is the default VLA Catalyst switches and the native VLAN. Any switch added to the network will,...
Switch Virtual Interface SVI
Aswitch virtual interface (SVI) is a logical interface that ties Layer 3 functionality, such as IP inform VLAN. The SVI, in turn, can be used for inter-VLAN routing, to fallback-bridge nonroutable protoco VLANs, and to represent the VLAN to a routing domain. By default, an SVI is created for VLAN 1 foi management. If you are familiar with the Cisco 2900XL 3500XL series switches from CCIE PSV1, a much like the interface VLAN 1 used for management. Unlike the previous switches, you can conf SVIs...
Example 820 Messages from the show logging Command
00 00 51 LINK-3-UPDOWN Interface Serial0 0, changed state to down 00 00 52 LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial0 0, changed 00 02 23 LINK-3-UPDOWN Interface Serial0 0, changed state to up 00 02 24 LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN Line protocol on Interface Serial0 0, changed state to up 00 03 08 BGP-5-ADJCHANGE neighbor 192.168.32.2 Up 00 44 23 LINK-3-UPDOWN Interface Serial0 0, changed state to down 00 44 23 BGP-5-ADJCHANGE neighbor 192.168.32.2 Down Interface flap 00 44 24...
