Module Self Check
Sat, 30 Apr 2016 | MPLS Implementing
Use the questions here to review what you learned in this module. The correct answers and solutions are found in the Module Self-Check Answer Key. Q1) What are three drawbacks of traditional IP routing (Choose three.) (Source Introducing Basic MPLS Concepts) A) Routing protocols are used on all devices to distribute routing information. B) Regardless of protocol, routers always forward packets based on the IP destination address only (except for using PBR). C) Routing lookups are performed on...
- A combination of framemode and cellmode MPLS or multiple cellmode links results in multiple LDP sessions
- A different method is needed in which a set of identifiers can be attached to a route
- A route is installed in the site VRF that matches the RT attribute
- Access Vpn Vpdn provides dialup access into a customer network
- An LSR can assign a label only if it has already received a label from the nexthop LSR otherwise the LSR must request a label from the nexthop LSR
- Any number of RTs can be attached to a single route
- Any other BGP attribute for example AS path local preference MED standard community
- As each virtual routing table requires a distinct RD value the number of RDs in the Mpls Vpn network increases
- ATM LSRs can swap a label with only one label Vpivci fields change
- ATM Virtual Path Usages Example
- Basic Lcatm Configuration
- Basic MPLS Concepts Example
- Benefits of VPN Implementations
- BGP that supports address families other than IPv4 addresses is called Multiprotocol BGP
- Bit TTL equal to the TTL in the IP header
- Bit TTL field
- Building the IP Forwarding Table
- Can coexist in an MPLS network
- CEF Switching Review
- Cell Interleave Issues
- Cell Mode MPLS Network Issues
- Central Services Extranet
- Cisco Icons and Symbols
- Complex VPN topologies are supported by multiple virtual routing tables on the PE routers
- Conditional Label Distribution Configuration
- Configure additional LCATM parameters
- Configure conditional label advertising
- Configure MPLS over ATM pointtopoint subinterfaces on the routers
- Configuring a Label Switching MTU
- Configuring Additional Lcatm Parameters
- Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers BGP
- Configuring IP CEF
- Configuring Ip Ttl Propagation
- Configuring Label Switching MTU Example
- Configuring MPLS on a Frame Mode Interface
- Configuring MPLS on a Frame Mode Interface Example
- Configuring MPLS over ATM Virtual Path Routers
- Configuring the Mpls Id on a Router
- Course Flow Diagram
- Course Goal
- Customers can use overlapping addresses
- Debug mpls atmldp routes
- Debug mpls atmldp states
- Debug mpls packets
- Debugging MPLS and LDP
- Default control VC032 label allocation uses VPI1
- Defaults - 2 3 4
- Destinationbased routing lookup is needed on every hop
- Drawbacks of VPN Implementations
- Each customer requires a dedicated router at each POP
- Endto End Routing Update Flow
- Example Additional Label Allocation
- Example Additional LSRs
- Example Allocating a Table
- Example Building Blocks for IP Forwarding
- Example Building the IP Routing Table
- Example Conditional Label Distribution Configuration
- Example Configuration of Both MPLSEnabled ATM Switches
- Example Configuring Additional Lcatm Parameters
- Example Configuring Ip Ttl Propagation
- Example Configuring MPLS on a Frame Mode Interface
- Example Configuring MPLS Over ATM Virtual Path Routers
- Example Configuring MPLS over ATM Virtual Path Switches
- Example Conservative Retention Mode
- Example Controlled Route Distribution
- Example Disabling Ip Ttl Propagation
- Example Enabling Conditional Label Advertisement
- Example IGP Propagates Routing Information
- Example Interim Packet Propagation Through an MPLS Network
- Example Label Allocation
- Example Label Distribution and Advertisement
- Example Label Space Negotiation
- Example LDP Hop Count
- Example LDP Neighbor Discovery
- Example LDP Sessions Between Atm Lsrs
- Example LDP Update Sent to All Adjacent Routers
- Example LFIB and LIB Tables
- Example Liberal Retention Mode
- Example Link Failure Actions
- Example Link Recovery Actions
- Example Mpls Ip Aggregation Problem
- Example Normal TTL Operation
- Example Ordered Control
- Example Overlay VPSFrame Relay
- Example Packet Propagation Through an MPLS Network
- Example Per Platform Label Allocation
- Example PHPAfter
- Example PHPBefore
- Example Populating LFIB
- Example Requesting a Label
- Example Routing Protocol Convergence
- Example Standard IP Switching
- Example Traceroute Through Atm Lsrs
- Example Traceroute with Disabled TTL Propagation
- Example TTL and Loop Detection
- Example Unsolicited Downstream
- Example Using LDP
- Example Using the FIB Table to Forward Packets
- Example VC Merge
- Example Virtual Private Networks
- Examples
- Examples show mpls forwarding table Command Output
- Experimental bits are usually used to carry the IP precedence value
- Huband Spoke Overlay VPN Topology
- Impact of Complex VPN Topologies on Virtual Routing Tables Cont
- Impact of Disabling TTL Propagation
- Impact of IP Aggregation on Label Switched Paths Cont
- Independent control can be used only for LSRs with Layer 3 capabilities
- Interactions Between MPLS Applications
- Introduction to ATM Virtual Path
- Label Allocation in a Frame Mode MPLS Network
- Label Allocation in a Frame Mode MPLS Network Allocating Labels
- Label Allocation in a Frame Mode MPLS Network Building the IP Routing Table
- Label Allocation in a Frame Mode MPLS Network LIB and LFIB Setup
- Label Allocation Independent Control
- Label Assignment and Distribution
- Label Distribution and Advertisement Receiving Label Advertisement - 2
- Label Distribution Issues
- Label Switch Routers
- Label Switch Routers Architecture of Atm Lsrs
- Label Switch Routers ATM Label Switch Router
- Large packets are not propagated across the network
- LDP Hello Message
- LDP Monitoring Commands show mpls Idp bindings
- LDP Monitoring Commands show mpls ldp neighbor detail
- LDP Session Establishment
- Liberal or conservative label retention
- Link Recovery Actions IP Routing Convergence
- Loop Detection
- Lsp
- Managed network A dedicated VPN is established to manage CE routers
- Managed Network Overlay VPN Implementation
- Module Objectives - 2 3
- Module Self Check
- Module Self Check Answer - 2
- Module Self Check Answer Key - 2
- Module Summary - 2
- Module Summary Cont 3
- Monitoring IP CEF
- Monitoring Label Switching
- Monitoring Label Switching show ip cef detail
- Monitoring Label Switching show mpls forwardingtable
- Monitoring Label Switching show mpls forwardingtable detail
- Monitoring LDP
- Monitoring MPLS
- MPLS Applications
- MPLS applications can use different routing and label exchange protocols while still using the same labelforwarding engine
- MPLS Architecture
- Mpls atm controlvc
- Mpls atm vpi
- MPLS Convergence After a Link Failure
- MPLS Forwarding Frame Mode
- Mpls ip
- Mpls ip propagatettl
- Mpls label protocol [tdp Idp both
- Mpls label protocol [tdp ldp both - 2
- MPLS Label Stack
- Mpls ldp advertiselabels
- Mpls ldp maxhops
- Mpls ldp routerid
- MPLS Monitoring Commands show mpls interfaces
- MPLS Monitoring Commands show mpls ldp parameters
- MPLS over ATM uses the ATM header as the label cellmode MPLS
- MPLS provides a virtual full mesh topology
- MPLS Unicast IP Routing Architecture
- Mpls Vpn Architecture Terminology
- Mpls Vpn Routing CE Router Perspective
- Mpls Vpns and Label Propagation
- Mpls Vpns and Packet Forwarding Summarization in the Core
- Mpls Vpns combined with Mpls Te three or more labels
- MPLS was designed to support forwarding of other protocols as well
- Multilevelcombines several levels of overlay VPN topologies
- Objectives - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
- Overlay VPN Implementation
- Overlay VPNs Frame Relay Example
- Overlay VPNs Layer 1 Implementation
- Overlay VPNs Layer 3 Routing
- Overview - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
- P routers have no VPN routes
- P routers run backbone IGP with the PE routers and exchange information about global subnetworks core links and loopbacks
- Packet Propagation Issues
- Partial Mesh Overlay VPN Topology
- Parts of the network already migrated can be linked with virtual paths during the transition period
- PE Router Architecture
- PE routers
- PE routers can run standard IPv4 BGP in the global routing table
- PE routers contain a number of routing tables
- PE routers export VPN routes from VRF tables into MPBGP and propagate them as VPNv4 routes to other PE routers
- Peerto Peer VPN Implementation
- Peerto Peer VPNs
- Peerto Peer VPNs Controlled Route Distribution
- Peertopeer VPNs in which the service provider participates in the customer routing
- Per Interface Label Allocation
- Perinterface label allocation is secure labeled packets or ATM cells are accepted only from the interface where the label was actually assigned
- Perinterface label space downstreamondemand distribution conservative label retention ordered control
- Per Platform Label Allocation
- Per Platform Label Allocation Benefits and Drawbacks of Per Platform Label Allocation
- PHP Before
- Propagation of Routing Information Across the PNetwork
- References - 2
- Remove pop a label on egress
- Requirements
- Route Targets Connectivity Requirements
- Router to router not advisable use framemode MPLS over Atm Pvc instead
- Routing lookups are performed on every hop
- Routing Protocol Convergence
- RSVP or CRLDP is used to establish TE tunnels and to propagate labels
- Select routes to be inserted into the virtual routing table
- Show cef interface
- Show ip cef - 2
- Show ip cef detail
- Show mpls atmldp bindings - 2
- Show mpls atmldp capability - 2
- Show mpls atmldp summary
- Show mpls forwardingtable
- Show mpls Idp bindings
- Show mpls interfaces - 2
- Show mpls ldp bindings
- Show mpls ldp discovery
- Show mpls ldp neighbor
- Starts LDP on an LCATM subinterface
- Step 1 Enable CEF and label switching
- Step 2 Enable conditional label advertisement
- Student Guide
- Summarization breaks the LSP tunnel
- Summary - 2 3 4
- Summary Cont - 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
- Switched WANs VPN Terminology
- Syntax Description - 2
- The ATM network is effectively transformed into a framemode MPLS network
- The FEC is a combination of a destination network and a class of service
- The FEC is equal to a destination multicast address stored in the multicast routing table
- The FEC is equal to a destination network stored in the IP routing table
- The last function is part of the data plane
- The RD is used as a VPN identifier but this design could not support all topologies required by the customers
- The routes installed in the VRFs are propagated to the CE routers
- The same label can be reused with a different meaning on different interfaces
- The session is ready to exchange label mappings after receiving the first keepalive
- The VPI has to match between peers
- There is an additional mechanism built into LDP to prevent loops
- Topology driven switching CEF prebuilt FIB table
- Traceroute Through Atm Lsrs Cont
- Traditional routerbased networks connect customer sites through routers connected via dedicated pointtopoint links
- Usage Guidelines - 2 3 4 5 6
- Verify access list contents with the show accesslist command
- Verify connectivity with the extended ping command
- Verify the local LDP identifier with the show mpls ldp neighbors command
- Verify with the show cef interface command
- Verify with the show ip cef command
- Verify with the show mpls interface command on the adjacent router
- Verify with the show mpls interface detail command on both routers
- Virtual Private Networks - 2
- Volume
- VPN is usually used in access environments dialup digital subscriber line
- VPN Label Propagation
- VPN Label Propagation Cont
- VPN Packet Forwarding Across an Mpls Vpn Backbone
- VPN Penultimate Hop Popping
- What Happens in a Link Failure
- What Happens in Link Recovery
- What Is the MPLS Convergence After a Link Failure
- When a neighbor is discovered the mechanism to establish a session is the same