Small Computer System Interface SCSI cable

An external or internal cable that connects the SCSI controller to SCSI ports of multiple internal and external devices.

smart card A credit-card-sized device that includes a processor and memory. Used to store information and authenticate network users. Smart cards provide two-factor identification because the user must have both the card and a password to access the network.

software firewall An application on a computer that inspects and filters data packets.

solenoid A coil of wires that forms electromagnets that fire the pins in a dot-matrix printer.

solid-ink printer A printer that uses solid sticks of ink rather than toner or ink cartridges. Solid-ink printers produce high-quality images. The ink sticks are nontoxic and can be handled safely.

sound card An integrated circuit board that enhances a computer's audio capabilities.

southbridge A chip that implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard. It is connected to the CPU through the northbridge chip. Also called the Input/Output (I/O) Controller Hub (ICH).

spam Unsolicited e-mail.

speaker An audio output device.

spike A sudden increase in voltage that is usually caused by a lightning strike.

spoof To gain access to resources on devices by pretending to be a trusted computer.

spooling The process of loading documents into a buffer (usually an area on a hard drive) until the printer is ready to print the documents.

spyware Malware that monitors activity on the computer. The spyware then sends this information to the organization responsible for launching the spyware.

standby power supply (SPS) Battery backup that is enabled when voltage levels fall below normal.

standoff A barrier/screw used to physically separate parts—in particular, the system board—from the case.

star topology A LAN topology in which endpoints on a network are connected to a common central switch by point-to-point links. A ring topology that is organized as a star and implements a unidirectional closed-loop star instead of point-to-point links.

static RAM (SRAM) A type of RAM that retains its contents for as long as power is supplied. SRAM does not require constant refreshing, like dynamic RAM (DRAM).

static random-access memory (SRAM) Memory that holds data as long as voltage is applied. Used mainly as cache memory for the CPU.

stylus A writing utensil. Typically used as an input method for the touch-sensitive screens of PDAs and graphics tablets.

subnet mask The second group of numbers used when configuring an IP address on a device. End devices use the subnet mask to determine the network portion of an IP address.

subnetting A logical division of a network. It provides the means to divide a network, and the subnet mask specifies how it is subdivided.

surge Any voltage increase above 110 percent of the normal voltage carried by a power line.

surge protector A suppressor that regulates the voltage going to a device.

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surge suppressor A device that ensures that the voltage going to another device stays below a certain level.

S-video port A four-pin mini-DIN connector that is used to output video signals to a compatible device. S-video separates the brightness and color portions of a video signal.

switch 1) An operation that is added to a DOS command to modify the command's output. 2) A Layer 2 network device also known as a multiport bridge.

Symmetric DSL (SDSL) A version of a DSL service that provides the same speed for uploads and downloads.

symmetric encryption Encryption that requires both sides of an encrypted conversation to use an encryption key to be able to encode and decode the data. The sender and receiver must use the same key at the same time.

SYN flood Randomly opens TCP ports, tying up network equipment or computer resources with a large number of false requests, causing sessions to be denied to others. See also denial of service (DoS).

System Restore A Windows XP service that runs in the background and allows the user to restore the operating system to a predefined point in time.

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