VLANs

There are a few possible changes that can be made to default VLAN settings, depending on the specific requirements and needs of the network:

1. Disable unused ports: By default, all switch ports are usually assigned to the default VLAN. It is recommended to disable unused ports or assign them to a different VLAN to ensure security and reduce potential attack vectors.
2. Separate management VLAN: Create a separate VLAN for network management tasks, such as accessing the switch, configuring settings, and monitoring. This helps to isolate management traffic and adds an extra layer of security.
3. VLAN pruning: Remove unnecessary VLANs from trunk links to avoid unnecessary traffic on the links and improve network performance.
4. VLAN tagging: Utilize VLAN tagging protocols such as 802.1Q or ISL to allow VLAN information to be carried across trunk links. This facilitates the proper forwarding of tagged VLAN traffic between switches.
5. Assign access ports to specific VLANs: Instead of the default VLAN, assign access ports to specific VLANs based on the requirements of connected devices. For example, separate VLANs for different departments or purposes can enhance network security and provide better traffic control.
6. Guest VLAN: Create a separate VLAN specifically for guest or untrusted devices. This helps to segregate guest traffic from the main network, providing additional security.
7. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) optimization: Fine-tune the STP settings to improve network performance and ensure redundancy without causing loops or other issues.
8. Quality of Service (QoS) settings: Configure QoS policies to prioritize certain types of traffic over others. This allows critical applications or services to receive higher network priority and better performance.It is important to consider the specific needs and requirements of the network before implementing any changes to default VLAN settings. It is recommended to consult with network professionals or follow best practices in order to make appropriate and secure modifications.

The default switchport configuration parameters on a Cisco Catalyst 2960 switch are: - Switchport mode: dynamic auto - Switchport duplex: auto - Switchport speed: auto - Switchport access VLAN: 1 - Switchport native VLAN: 1 - Switchport voice VLAN: none - Switchport access mode: normal - Spanning-tree portfast: disabled - Spanning-tree bpduguard: disabled - Port security: disabled - Port channeling: disabled - Storm control: disabled - 802.1x authentication: disabled Note: These defaults can vary based on the switch model and the IOS version running on it. It's always recommended to check the specific configuration guide for your switch model to get accurate defaults.

To remove a VLAN from a Cisco switch, follow these steps:

1. Enter privileged EXEC mode on the switch by typing "enable" and entering the enable password.
2. Enter global configuration mode by typing "configure terminal".
3. Identify the VLAN to be removed by listing the VLAN IDs and names on the switch using the "show vlan" command.
4. Enter VLAN configuration mode by typing "vlan <vlan-id>", where <vlan-id> is the ID of the VLAN you want to remove.
5. Remove all ports associated with the VLAN by typing "no interface <interface-id>", where <interface-id> is the ID of the interface associated with the VLAN.
6. Exit the VLAN configuration mode by typing "exit".
7. Commit the changes by typing "end".
8. Verify that the VLAN has been removed by typing "show vlan" and checking if the VLAN is no longer listed.Note: Removing a VLAN from a switch that is being used by other devices can disrupt the network. It is recommended to schedule a maintenance window and inform all affected devices before removing a VLAN.

The command to delete the contents of NVRAM on a switch is "erase nvram:".

The default Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) mode on Cisco 2960 and 3560 switches is "auto", which allows the switch to automatically negotiate trunking with other switches.

If a switch port is assigned to a VLAN that is deleted, the port will become inactive and will not be able to carry any data traffic until it is reassigned to a valid VLAN.

The command used to remove only VLAN 20 from a switch is: `no vlan 20`.

Begin by determining the VLAN that needs to be removed. Next, enter the switch’s configuration mode by typing the appropriate “enable” command. Once in configuration mode, find the command that will delete the VLAN from the switch. This command can vary by vendor, but is generally “no vlan ID”, where “ID” represents the number of the VLAN being removed. After the command is run, save the changes and exit the configuration mode. The VLAN has now been removed from the switch.

To configure a trunk port on a Cisco 2960 switch, complete the following steps:

1. Log into the switch by using your administrator credentials.
2. Enter the enable mode.
3. Run the "configure terminal" command.
4. Enter the command "interface FastEthernet [slot/port]".
5. Enter the command "switchport mode trunk".
6. Enter the command "switchport trunk allowed vlan [list of VLANs]".
7. Type the command "exit" to exit the configuration mode.
8. Enter the command "show interfaces switchport" to check the configuration.
9. Reboot the switch for the changes to take effect.

1. Log into the VLAN management configuration interface of your switch or router.
2. Create a new VLAN and assign it a name and a VLAN ID number.
3. Assign the ports to the VLAN using either the user interface or CLI command.
4. Save the changes and exit the interface.

1. Log in to the switch using the appropriate credentials.
2. Enter global configuration mode by typing “configure terminal”
3. Add the “no” command to the beginning of the VLAN configuration command.For example, to delete the VLAN
4. 10, type:no vlan
5. 10 Save the changes by typing “write memory”.
6. Exit your current configuration mode by typing “exit”.

1. In global configuration mode, enter the command "vlan N" to create a new VLAN, where N is the VLAN number.
2. Enter the command "name <NAME>" to assign a name to the VLAN.
3. Enter the command "exit" to return to the previous mode.
4. In interface configuration mode, enter the command "switchport mode access".
5. Enter the command "switchport access vlan N" to assign the interface to a particular VLAN.
6. Enter the command "exit" to return to the previous mode.
7. Repeat Steps 4-6 for each interface that requires assigning to a particular VLAN.
8. Enter the command "wr mem" to save the configuration.

1. Log in to your switch console and access global configuration mode.
2. Enter the “vlan” command and hit enter.
3. Enter the “vlan [#]” command to create a VLAN, replacing [#] with the desired VLAN number.
4. Enter the “name [name]” command to assign a name to the VLAN, replacing [name] with the desired name.
5. Enter the “exit” command to save your settings and exit the VLAN configuration mode.
6. Enter the “interface range fastethernet [#]” command to configure a switch port, replacing [#] with the number of the desired switch port or range of ports.
7. Enter the “switchport mode access” command to set the switch port to access mode.
8. Enter the “switchport access vlan [#]” command to assign the port to the specified VLAN.
9. Enter the “exit” command to save your settings and exit the switch port configuration mode.
10. Repeat steps 6 - 9 for each port you wish to assign to the VLAN.
11. Enter the “wr mem” command to save your settings to the router’s memory.

1. Log into your Cisco switch using the appropriate credentials.
2. Enter the following command to enter privileged EXEC mode:enable
3. Enter the following command to enter global configuration mode:config t
4. Enter the following command to create a new VLAN:vlan <VLAN ID>
5. Enter the following command to assign an IP address to the VLAN:interface vlan <VLAN ID> ip address <IP ADDRESS> <SUBNET MASK>
6. Enter the following command to assign a name to the VLAN:name <VLAN NAME>
7. Enter the following commands to apply the VLAN to the appropriate switches and ports:switchport access vlan <VLAN ID> switchport trunk allowed vlan <VLAN ID>
8. Enter the following command to save the changes made:write memory

1. Log into the switch by connecting a console cable to the switch and opening a terminal emulation program like PuTTY.
2. Enter privileged mode by typing the command “enable” and enter the router password when prompted.
3. Type the command “configure terminal” to enter global configuration mode.
4. Create a new VLAN by typing the command “vlan [vlan_number]”. Replace [vlan_number] with the number of your desired VLAN.
5. Assign a name to the VLAN by typing the command “name [vlan_name]”. Replace [vlan_name] with the name of your desired VLAN.
6. Set the ports on your switch that should be part of this VLAN by typing the command “interface range [interface_range]”. Replace [interface_range] with the port(s) on the switch that should be part of this VLAN.
7. Assign the VLAN to the interface range using the command “switchport access vlan [vlan_number]”. Replace [vlan_number] with the VLAN number you just created.
8. Disable the switch’s administrator from having access to all VLANs by typing the command “no switchport access vlan default”.
9. Save the switch’s configuration changes to the startup configuration file by typing the command “copy running-config startup-config”.
10. Exit configuration mode by typing the command “exit” twice.

1. Log into the switch using an admin account.
2. Enter the command line mode by typing “enable” and pressing enter.
3. Enter the “configure terminal” command to enter the global configuration mode.
4. Create the desired VLAN by entering the “vlan” command followed by the desired VLAN number.
5. Assign a name to the VLAN by entering “name,” and the name for the VLAN.
6. To add interfaces to the VLAN, use the “interface” command followed by the type of interface and its number.
7. To add the interface to the VLAN, use the “switchport access vlan” command followed by the VLAN number.
8. To save the changes, use the “write memory” command.

1. Log into the switch with your administrator credentials.
2. Enter configuration mode by typing “configure terminal”.
3. Create the VLAN by typing “vlan <number>”. Replace <number> with the VLAN ID number.
4. Set the VLAN name by typing “name <name>”. Replace <name> with the desired VLAN name.
5. Assign the ports to the VLAN by typing “interface <range>”. Replace the <range> with the range of ports you wish to assign to the VLAN.
6. Set the port to access mode by typing “switchport mode access”.
7. Assign the port to the VLAN by typing “switchport access vlan <number>”. Replace <number> with the VLAN ID number.
8. If you are using a trunk port, set the port to trunk mode by typing “switchport mode trunk” and assign the VLANs by typing “switchport trunk allowed vlan <range>”. Replace <range> with the range of VLANs you wish to assign.
9. Save your changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config”.
10. Exit configuration mode by typing “exit”.